. We find that participation rights provide more procedural utility in terms of a feeling of self-determination and … influence than actual participation. …

public policy may foster or dampen political participation depending on social group affiliation. The policy change we use to … boxes in national elections and they tend to vote more for Arab parties. In contrast, the political participation of Jewish …

A large literature has claimed that higher political participation increases welfare spending. In this paper, I review … this literature. I study the theoretical link between participation and redistributive spending. Then, I survey the … empirical literature on the link between education, income and political participation, as well as that between political …

High transaction costs and thin participation plague water quality trading and prevent markets from delivering expected … participation decisions and generate strategic complementarities with multiple large or small market participation levels equilibria … attraction around the full-participation equilibrium, and thus may improve pollution trading efficiency relative to distinct …