This paper examines the measurement of social welfare, poverty and inequality taking into account reference … differences between standard poverty and inequality measures based on observed income and measures that are calculated based on … equivalent income. These differences are illustrated using household-level panel data from Russia and Vietnam. -- Prospect Theory …

fairness principles, namely equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty, into a joint measure of unfair inequality. Two … inequality. Second, average unfair inequality doubles when complementing the ideal of an equal opportunity society with poverty …

Most equivalence scales which are applied in research on poverty and inequality do not depend on income, although there … differing assessments of poverty and inequality under quite general conditions. German microdata will be used to demonstrate and …

Since the late 1970s, the price indices underlying the poverty lines in India have been updated using aggregate indices … consumption survey data. We propose an alternative approach that identifies poverty from consumer behaviour, based on the notion … higher levels of poverty in eastern India, and generally, smaller reductions in poverty from 2005 to 2010. Our poverty …

imports can also occur. These models when calibrated to 1995 data for Vietnam also suggest quantitatively much larger impacts …

domestic firms in a low-income host country. The US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement reduced US import tariffs on exports from … Vietnam. Tariff reductions led to entry of foreign and private firms and to employment expansion in formal manufacturing, with …

When Vietnam entered WTO in 2007 it was granted an accession period up to 2014. During this period tariffs would have … Vietnam has many state-owned enterprises that do not behave in a profit maximizing way. The model simulations show that the … of income will take place among the poor rural households in Vietnam. We propose other tariff reforms that both raise …