subsidies complied with EU state aid rules, both in terms of effectiveness and competition. …

This article studies the likely impact of unconventional gas developments in the U.S. on EU competitiveness. We find …, may soften the adverse competitiveness impact in the EU. …

We propose an analysis of platform competition based on the academic literature with a view towards competition policy …. First, we discuss to which extent competition can emerge in digital markets and show which forms it can take. In particular … competition in platform markets. Second, we analyse competition policy issues and discuss how rules designed for standard markets …

Platform interoperability is considered a powerful tool to promote competition in digital markets when network effects … are at play. We study the effect of interoperability on competition between two ad-financed platforms, allowing for …

competition policy is likely to face more challenges as large companies are becoming more common in more and more industries. …

I show how changes in competition affect the power of reputation to induce sellers to exert effort. The impact of … competition on sellers' incentives is theoretically ambiguous. More competition disciplines sellers, but, at the same time, it … the value of building a reputation through effort. In this framework, more competition depresses hosts' profits and leads …

The emergence of competition is a defining aspect of human nature and characterizes many important social environments …