an airline's total fuel usage to seven variables: the available ton miles of capacity (passengers plus freight and mail …) provided by the airline; the average seat capacity of its aircraft, average stage length (flight distance); average load factor … (measured by weight); the average vintage (construction year) of its aircraft; the percentage of the airline's flights that are …

This paper offers the first formal economic analysis of carve-outs under airline antitrust im- munity. Carve-outs are …

airline alliances. We show that the gains from economies of density due to higher interline traffic under the alliance … airline alliance subject to a carve-out. -- collusion ; carve-out …

variables approach, the paper estimates flight-frequency reaction functions, which relate an airline's frequency on a route to …