Poland is obligated to adopt the euro after the fulfilment, inter alia, of the exchange rate criterion which requires … estimate real Polish zloty/euro equilibrium rate. Although the main goal of our analysis is to compute measures of current and …

In this paper we have applied two approaches to the study of the dollar real exchange rate in relation with the Euro … seven developed countries, four of them Euro-area members. Second, we aggregate the European variables and estimate a model … for the Euro-dollar real exchange rate using time series techniques. After identification and model selection, the same …

of the euro/dollar real exchange rate. Given this value, one could then give a precise meaning to the notion of … undervaluation or overvaluation of the euro, and calculate its misalignment. The problem however arises of how to assess the … calculations. This of course is not (yet) possible for the euro, so that all the calculations of the misalignment of the euro that …

three non-targeting ones (the US, the Euro-Area and Switzerland). Both a benchmark linear VECM and a nonlinear Threshold …