panel difference-in-differences estimations and an event study design. Motivated by the claim that China and Russia … purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries' trade with China and Russia increases under US trade … sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned …

Using Russia as a case study and a global VAR model as a methodological tool, we analyze how heightened geopolitical … response functions in response to the skyrocketing Russian geo-political risk shock after Russia's invasion of Ukraine revealed …

fragmentation? Do they comply with or circumvent Western sanctions on Russia? Using comprehensive transaction-level bill of lading … firms in non-sanctioning countries significantly reduced exports of sanctioned products to Russia (and Belarus) if their … sanctions. Sanctioning MNEs expanded exports of sanctioned products to both sanctioning and Russia-friendly countries …

of policy (geopolitics), and study how the saliency of this dimension may play in favor of the incumbent group. My …

With ever-increasing political tensions between China and Russia on one side and the EU and the US on the other, it … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …