We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely … Office on affected inventors' subsequent patenting. We exploit exogenous variation in invalidation by leveraging the …

We study how individual inventors respond to incentives to work on "clean" electricity technologies. Using natural gas … price variation, we estimate output and entry elasticities of inventors and measure the medium-term impacts of a price … increase mirroring the social cost of carbon. We find that the induced clean innovation response primarily comes from existing …

is weak. We also connect collaborative patents to the ethnic composition of the firm's U.S. inventors and cross …-border mobility of inventors within the firm. The inventor team composition has important consequences for how the new knowledge is …We study the prevalence and traits of global collaborative patents for U.S. public companies, where the inventor team …

Innovation is part idea generation and part development. We build a model of "innovating-by-doing," whereby ideas come … to practitioners. Successful innovation requires that practitioners' ideas be developed through costly effort. Our model ….S. Medicare program on medical equipment innovation. Our model’s structure allows us to infer the Medicare program's aggregate …

By merging individual data on valuable patents granted in Prussia in the late nineteenth century with county level … causal effect of human capital on income, net of the innovation channel. …

small and medium sized cities. Patent applications are used as the measure of innovation. Human capital indicators used … significant effect on firms' innovation in small and middle cities. We also find that the effect of R&D on patents is …Understanding the factors that may produce a sustained rate of innovation is important for promoting economic …

This paper analyses the impact of skilled migrants on the innovation (patenting) activity of French firms between 1995 … endogeneity using a modified version of the shift-share instrument. Skilled migrants increase the number of patents at both the … district and firm level. Large, high-productivity and capital-intensive firms benefit the most, in terms of innovation activ …

Biographical information on a sample of renowned U.S. inventors is combined with information on the patents they … received over their careers, and employed to highlight the implications of patent institutions for markets in inventions and … for democratization. The United States deliberately created a patent system that differed from existing European systems …