innovation during the second industrial revolution. Religious tolerance is measured through population's religious diversity …We argue that, for a given level of scientific knowledge, tolerance and diversity are conducive to technological … creativity and innovation. In particular, we show that variations in innovation within Prussia during the second industrial …

causal effect of human capital on income, net of the innovation channel. …

Why is modern society capable of cumulative innovation? In A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy, Joel …

accumulated and stored in monasteries was useful for innovation. In 1866, anticlerical legislation in Italy led to the suppression … a significant increase in innovation. The effect is driven by the increase in the number of manuscripts in previously … existing libraries. We show that the innovation advantage also persisted in the long run and had no impact on human capital. …

diffusion and, to some extent, shaped the geography of innovation. …

Debates about the future of work frequently reference past instances of transformative innovation to preface analysis … overview of the current debates around the potential effects of impending labor-replacing innovation. We then summarize …

We provide quantitative evidence on the relationship between military spending and innovation in the 19th century …. Combining innovation data from world fairs and historical military data across Europe, we show that national military spending … is associated with national innovation towards war logistics such as food processing, but less towards war technology …