received over their careers, and employed to highlight the implications of patent institutions for markets in inventions and … for democratization. The United States deliberately created a patent system that differed from existing European systems … in ways that significantly affected the course of technological change. Patent rights in the U.S. helped to define and …

causal effect of human capital on income, net of the innovation channel. …

We construct a tractable general equilibrium model of cumulative innovation and growth, in which new ideas strictly … lower than the social plannerś benchmark, which suggests a role for patent policy. We focus on a "non-infringing inventive … the rate of innovation, as well as a separate optimal required inventive step that maximizes welfare, with the former …

We investigate the relationship between the presence of migrant inventors and the dynamics of innovation in the …

of R&D. Our work analyzes knowledge diffusion and knowledge externalities in generating innovation and in determining … North America as revealed by patent citation between US-granted patents. Then we estimate the impact of these flows on … productivity of R&D resources in generating innovation (patenting) and productivity (TFP). While we find that knowledge diffusion …

contributes to innovation in source countries. We use changes in the labour mobility legislation within Europe as exogenous … variation to establish causality. By analysing patent citation data, we further provide evidence that these positive effects are …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 …-1994. The interaction of this pre-existing network structure with patent growth in upstream technology fields has strong …