model of domestic patent exhaustion that incorporates transaction costs in consumer licensing, and examines how a shift in …The doctrine of "patent exhaustion" implies that the authorized sale of patented goods "exhausts" the patent rights in … patent policy from absolute to presumptive exhaustion, in which the patent owner can opt- out of exhaustion via contract …

harmful for innovation and if so, whether compulsory licensing can provide an effective remedy. The consent decree settled an … to license all its existing patents royalty-free. The compulsory licensing increased follow-on innovation building on … telecommunications equipment industry, suggesting that compulsory licensing without structural remedies is ineffective in ending market …

case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple …

licensing segment is irrelevant for the patent holder and consumers. When exactly one segment of the value chain is monopolistic … while the other one is competitive, the patent holder prefers licensing at the monopolistic stage leading to an alignment of … demonstrate that charging licensing fees at both stages of the supply chain (“double-dipping”) can be profitable for the patent …

uncertainty, firms frequently engage in R&D collaborations, e.g., Research Joint Ventures (RJVs), and licensing agreements. While … RJVs are well explored in the literature, very little is known about the use of licensing agreements. Building on a novel … database which includes licensing agreements in the semiconductor industry between 1989 and 1999, we estimate a bivariate …

technology, and the importance of creative re-use and new licensing and business models. We then set out avenues for further … technology that enables algorithmic licensing, and copyright issues related to software, data and artificial intelligence. …

technology chooses either exports or technology transfer through licensing as its mode of supplying the Southern market, based on … stronger IPR would enhance technology transfer through licensing and reduce the South firm's marginal production cost, thereby …

In the pharmaceutical industry, firms frequently engage in licensing agreements to overcome innovation challenges and … keep up with the pace of developing new drugs. Licensing helps firms jointly develop new drugs and acquire external … knowledge, which helps improve their internal drug development capability. Our study examines the dynamic effects of licensing …

incentives to form a patent pool or engage in cross-licensing arrangements in the presence of uncertainty as to the validity and …Most patent pools are formed in the shadow of patent litigation as an attempt to settle disputes in regard to … incentives. Antitrust implications of patent pools are considered. The effects of patent pools on third party incentives to …