Understanding corruption is at the heart of treating the dysfunctionality of many countries’ public sectors. Yet, most … corruption research suffers from one common problem: There is no “objective” measure of public-sector corruption for a cross …-section of countries. Most studies on the determinants or the effects of corruption rely on indicators of corruption perception …

very little attention in the literature on corruption. I study a model of corruption with incomplete information in which … consumers require a government service from officials who may be corrupt. A victim of corruption can report corrupt officials to … which no one reports corruption regardless of the proportion of honest supervisors although all lower-ranking officials are …

positions. In a probabilistic voting model, we show that a lack of financial institutions can lead to more corruption as more …In transition and developing countries, we observe rather high levels of corruption even if they have democratic … high corruption levels. Our model is based on the fact that corrupt offcials have to pay an entry fee to get lucrative …

institutions by strengthening the rule of law or regulatory quality bear greater results. Thus, when it comes to corruption control …Adding a new dimension to determinants of corruption, this paper examines the effectiveness of enforcement in reducing … corruption. We compare the influences of latent enforcement (police, judicial, and prosecutorial employment) versus actual …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …