review is on studies that use network analysis paying special attention to those that apply complex analysis techniques …

worked in technologies that were more central within the innovation network. We offer a new approach for measuring the … innovation network using patent data from Britain and France in the late-18th and early-19th century. We show that the network … network than French inventors. Drawing on recently developed theoretical tools, and using a novel estimation strategy, we …

This paper challenges established claims of comparable degrees of market integration in Europe and China on the eve of … arising from common shocks and network effects. Using monthly grain prices for 1740-1820 our analysis uncovers a secular … process of market disintegration in 221 prefectures of Qing China. Comparing our results with those for grain price panels …