in imports from China on innovation in the US manufacturing sector. We combine patent, firm and trade data during 1990 … positive effect on firm innovation, as measured by citation-weighted patent applications. This positive effect persists when we … relationship between import competition and innovation by considering industry and firm heterogeneity. We find that firms in low …

examiners to identify the causal effect of a US patent grant on the subsequent export performance of Chinese firms. Successful … first-time patent applicants achieve significantly higher export growth, compared to otherwise similar first-time applicants …We investigate how international patent activity enables firms from emerging economies to thrive in the global …

Migration and trade are often linked through ethnic networks boosting bilateral trade. This study uses migration to … quantify the importance of Ricardian technology differences for international trade. The framework provides the first panel …. The instrumented elasticity of export growth on the intensive margin with respect to the exporter's productivity growth is …

The doctrine of "patent exhaustion" implies that the authorized sale of patented goods "exhausts" the patent rights in … model of domestic patent exhaustion that incorporates transaction costs in consumer licensing, and examines how a shift in … patent policy from absolute to presumptive exhaustion, in which the patent owner can opt- out of exhaustion via contract …

We study how increased import competition affects the evolution of productivity in a small open economy. We use a … productivity. We find that a 1% increase in the import share leads to a 1.05% gain in productivity. This elasticity translates into … also find that firms respond to competition by focusing more on their core products. Instrumenting import share with changes …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …

We construct a tractable general equilibrium model of cumulative innovation and growth, in which new ideas strictly … lower than the social plannerś benchmark, which suggests a role for patent policy. We focus on a "non-infringing inventive … the rate of innovation, as well as a separate optimal required inventive step that maximizes welfare, with the former …

We examine the Nash equilibria of a game where two national governments set patent breadth strategically. Broader … patents make R&D more attractive, but the effect on static efficiency is nonmonotonic. In a North.South model, where only the … North can innovate, harmonization of patent breadth lowers welfare relative to the Nash equilibrium. When both countries can …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

patentability standards at PTOs (Patent and Trademark Offices awarding so-called bad patents), not only "false innovators" have the … chance of being granted patents but also, and more interestingly, "true innovators" are forced to patent more intensively … distortions caused by bad patents. Moreover, we show that introducing a two-tiered patent system is unlikely to improve market …