low wage rapidly growing countries in the BRIC group (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and the groups of countries as a sub …

Russia, we find that these sanctions substantially decreased bilateral trade of Russia, mainly due to reduced trade with the …

estimate the impact on firm performance from smart sanctions deployed by the U.S. and EU against Russia beginning in 2014. We …

on the sanctions imposed on Russia in 2014 and identify their effect on voting behavior in both presidential and … parliamentary elections. On the economic side, the sanctions significantly hurt Russia’s foreign trade — with regional variance. We …

purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries' trade with China and Russia increases under US trade … sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned … panel difference-in-differences estimations and an event study design. Motivated by the claim that China and Russia …

period of coverage from 1950-2019 to 1950-2022, which includes two special periods - COVID-19 and the war between Russia and … trade. We also obtain estimates of the effects on trade of the 2014 sanctions on Russia, …

fragmentation? Do they comply with or circumvent Western sanctions on Russia? Using comprehensive transaction-level bill of lading … firms in non-sanctioning countries significantly reduced exports of sanctioned products to Russia (and Belarus) if their … sanctions. Sanctioning MNEs expanded exports of sanctioned products to both sanctioning and Russia-friendly countries …