childhood and, instead, stayed longer in school, had more prestigious jobs, and earned higher wages as adults. Finally, we find …

correlation of permanent earnings into family and community effects allowing for life-cycle dynamics; finding that family is the …

Public policies often target individuals but within-family externalities of such interventions are understudied. Using … in immigrant families. Candidate mechanisms include improved classroom inputs and parental school choice. …

discontinuity design generated by school-entry cutoffs and school records from one district in Florida, we find positive spillover …

We exploit variation stemming from school consolidations in Denmark from 2010-2011 to analyze the impact on student … achievement as measured by test scores. For each student we observe enrollment and test scores one year prior to school … consolidation and up to four years after. We find that school consolidation has adverse effects on achievement in the short run and …

Even though some countries track students into differing-ability schools by age 10, others keep their entire secondary-school … between primary and secondary school across tracked and non-tracked systems. Six international student assessments provide …

We show that, when school quality is measured by the educational standard and attaining the standard requires costly … relatively high cost of effort, who would find the high standards of the public school excessively demanding. With the key …