exchange for their votes. That practice undermines the functioning of democracy but is pervasive in many parts of the world …

When politicians are provided with insufficient incentives by the democratic election mechanism, we show that social … anonymous elections in democracies. …

parliamentary elections and their electoral success. To identify local-level variation in urbanization, we leverage exogenous … changes to the boundaries of electoral constituencies in the 1928, 1932, and 1936 French parliamentary elections. The results …

parties allow like-minded citizens to, first, share the cost of running in a public election and, second, coordinate on a …

We explore the effect of oil import price shocks on political outcomes using a worldwide dataset on elections of chief …

I examine whether elections influence perceived corruption in the public sector. Perceived corruption in the public …. The results show that the reversed CPI was about 0.4 points higher in election years than in other years, indicating that … perceived corruption in the public sector increased before elections. The effect is especially pronounced before early elections …

We ask three questions. First, do election systems differ in how they translate physical attractiveness of candidates … German election system that combines first-past-the-post election with party-list proportional representation, our results … show that plurality elections provide more scope for translating physical attractiveness into electoral success than …

depends on the contestability of elections, which declines as party fragmentation exceeds the long run level predicted by …