The doctrine of "patent exhaustion" implies that the authorized sale of patented goods "exhausts" the patent rights in … model of domestic patent exhaustion that incorporates transaction costs in consumer licensing, and examines how a shift in … patent policy from absolute to presumptive exhaustion, in which the patent owner can opt- out of exhaustion via contract …

legal principle of patent exhaustion. With perfect competition at the upstream and downstream stage, the choice of the … licensing segment is irrelevant for the patent holder and consumers. When exactly one segment of the value chain is monopolistic … while the other one is competitive, the patent holder prefers licensing at the monopolistic stage leading to an alignment of …

Most patent pools are formed in the shadow of patent litigation as an attempt to settle disputes in regard to … incentives to form a patent pool or engage in cross-licensing arrangements in the presence of uncertainty as to the validity and … incentives. Antitrust implications of patent pools are considered. The effects of patent pools on third party incentives to …

This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …

deter entry with the threat of patent litigation. We show that a positive cross-licensing royalty rate, which would …