all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

the long-term effect of the Covid-19-related school closures on aggregate productivity through the human capital channel … school closure, respectively. These results appear to be broadly consistent with earlier findings in the literature. Two …

that arrests of children and reported crimes involving children follow a different pattern: peaking during the school year … school year to show that this pattern is caused by school: children aged 10-17 are roughly 50% more likely to be involved in … a reported crime during the beginning of the school year relative to the weeks before school begins. This sharp increase …

discontinuity design generated by school-entry cutoffs and school records from one district in Florida, we find positive spillover …

We exploit variation stemming from school consolidations in Denmark from 2010-2011 to analyze the impact on student … achievement as measured by test scores. For each student we observe enrollment and test scores one year prior to school … consolidation and up to four years after. We find that school consolidation has adverse effects on achievement in the short run and …

Children starting school at older ages consistently exhibit better educational outcomes. In this paper, we underscore … child development as a mechanism driving this effect. We study the causal effect of school starting age on a child …'s probability of developing special educational needs in early grades. We find that starting school at a relatively older age …