lower weights than rural residents. Urban net nutrition varied by race, and urban whites and blacks had lower BMIs, shorter …

want to check whether nursing homes were lending themselves to excess mortality even before the pandemic. Controlling for a … in mortality between those two samples is to be attributed to the way nursing homes are designed and organised. Using … matching methods, we observe excess mortality in Belgium, France, Germany Luxembourg, Switzerland, Estonia and Czech Republic …

this policy causally reduced injury-induced mortality in the country by at least 14% during the five weeks of the ban. We … argue that this estimate constitutes a lower bound on the true impact of alcohol on injury-induced mortality. We also …

-smoking policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to … a teenager, which are arguably exogenous, on adult smoking participation and mortality. A one-dollar increase in teenage … cigarette taxes is associated with an 8 percent reduction in adult smoking participation and a 6 percent reduction in mortality …

and the associated rise in infectious diseases triggered a process of adaptation reducing mortality from infectious …