Medical experts have argued forcefully that using cigarettes harms health, prompting the adoption of myriad anti-smoking … policies. The association between smoking and mortality may, however, be driven by unobserved factors, making it difficult to … a teenager, which are arguably exogenous, on adult smoking participation and mortality. A one-dollar increase in teenage …

interpretation of why people may smoke when they are young - and arguably have a short horizon of foresight and refrain from smoking …