encourage green design, and to make better use of products in ways that reduce waste. This essay attempts to discuss circular …

Recycling waste from used goods can substitute for scarce raw materials and reduce resource dependence. This paper … presents a model of waste collection, recycling and final goods production using raw and recycled materials. Non-recycled waste … must be safely stored by landfill to avoid environmental damage. The costs of waste disposal create externalities. An …

This paper summarizes the economics perspective on recycling of municipal solid waste. The first section reviews recent … data on recycling rates in the United States and across all OECD countries. The OECD data suggest the average aggregate … recycling rate across member countries appears to have plateaued over the past several decades. Data from the United States on …

We evaluate the impact of government spending efficiency on fiscal sustainability for a panel of 35 OECD countries … revenues to changes in government spending. Next, we make use of so-called government spending efficiency scores, which … the input efficiency scores obtained, countries' fiscal balance and fiscal sustainability is directly improved by the use …

stimulates recycling as expected. But it also increases primary material extraction and - possibly - the total waste flow, and it …In this paper we consider a competitive economy with flows of materials from extraction via recycling to landfilling … successively raised from zero toward their efficiency restoring levels. Promoting recyclability by greening the product design …

extraction and waste deposition and show that taxing resource extraction restores efficiency. Taxing waste, where generated, only … material flows, which adjust endogenously to economic transactions. We assume negative environmental effects of resource … restores efficiency if producers minimize users' costs of their products, or if there is a dense set of goods with varied …

Environmental managers face substantial uncertainty when deciding on management actions. To reduce this uncertainty …

The transition process in Central and Eastern Europe was associated with growing environmental awareness. This paper … environmental performance, formal and informal regulation are still only partially developed due to the difficulties of economic …