We provide quantitative evidence that the primary effects of economic sanctions on trade and welfare are accompanied by strong extraterritorial effects — estimates of the former effects may be significantly biased if the latter effects are not taken into account. Furthermore, while the...

Direct measures of the economic impact of sanctions are contaminated by the endogeneity that arises when other events in target countries (e.g., civil or interstate conflicts, political independence, etc.) instigate the imposition of sanctions. To address this issue, we propose a novel...

We propose a Generalized Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (G-PPML) estimator that relaxes the PPML estimator's assumption that the dependent variable's conditional variance is proportional to its conditional mean. Instead, we employ an iterated Generalized Method of Moments (iGMM) to estimate...