This paper sheds new light on the role of communication for cartel formation. Using machine learning to evaluate free … cartel formation and indirect attempts to collude tacitly. We document that firms are less likely to communicate explicitly … sanctions on communication reinforces the direct cartel-deterring effect of sanctions as collusion is more difficult to reach …

While price-fixing cartel prosecutions have received significant attention, the policy determinants and the political ….S. antitrust cartel prosecutions during the period 1969-2013. This period has seen substantive policy innovations with increasing … penalties related to fines and jail terms. There appear to be four distinct cartel policy regimes: pre-1978, 1978-1992, 1993 …

for years or even decades. While the literature has presented several determinants of cartel stability, the vast majority …, the communication and internal structures within the cartels as well as their breakup. Our results indicate that cartel … individuals involved in these 15 cartels were female, suggesting that gender also plays a role for cartel formation. We further …

environmental expenditures can justify public interest defence for the operation of a cartel. Using a variant of the Dixit … expenditures and higher welfare. However, allowing the operational firms to form a cartel and raise prices above Nash equilibrium …

This paper analyzes dynamic cartel formation and antitrust enforcement when firms operate in demand-related markets. We … show that cartel prosecution can have a knock-on effect: desisting a cartel in one market reduces profits and cartel … stability and leads to the break-up of the cartel in the adjacent market. Cartel prosecution can also have a waterbed effect …