regulation, and not by price differences in line with the hypothesis of "regulatory arbitrage". …

We empirically assess the impact of the EU roaming regulation on mobile operators' average revenues per user (ARPU) and …-level data we find that the regulation decreased mobile operator's revenues per user, while it had no impact on tariffs during … the latest phase of the regulation. …

regulation on the probability of a crisis. We test this relationship by applying a Probit model of a non-linear specification to …: it rises as regulation stringency moves from low to medium levels and falls from medium to high levels. Countries located …

commentators have focused on the anticompetitive potential of envelopment, and some have argued for regulation of platforms because … of that concern. These calls for regulation are not supported by robust formal analysis or comprehensive empirical …

The roam-like-at-home regulation (RLAH) eliminated all mobile roaming surcharges to Eu-ropean consumers travelling … within the European Economic Area (EEA). We measure the causal impact of the regulation on EEA roaming traffic, using the … revenues. To evaluate the welfare effects of the regulation, we develop a framework that includes consumer surplus, retail and …