all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

. However, the political manipulation of the school curricula can give rise to indoctrination effects with counterproductive … and labour market outcomes in Poland. We document that the reduction of Marxist-Leninist indoctrination in school … curriculum after 1954 exerted long-lasting beneficial effects. Unlike in East Germany, the school reform after the fall of …

School systems regularly use student assessments for accountability purposes. But, as highlighted by our conceptual … different stakeholders in different school environments. We build a dataset of over 2 million students in 59 countries observed … fixed effects along with a rich set of student, school, and country measures. We find that the expansion of standardized …

sort out of public education and into private schooling. The IRCA differentially increases Hispanic school board members … and school expenditure, highlighting legal status as a driver of Hispanic human capital accumulation and representation. …

This paper studies a school district that was federally mandated to adopt a race-blind lottery system to fill seats in … lotteries by race to offset its predominantly black applicant pools. The change dramatically segregated subsequent magnet school …

This paper studies the effect of longer school days - induced by voluntary all-day programs in German primary schools … - on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5771 primary school students … with municipality-level information on all-day school investments. Facing the challenge of selection into all-day school …

the long-term effect of the Covid-19-related school closures on aggregate productivity through the human capital channel … school closure, respectively. These results appear to be broadly consistent with earlier findings in the literature. Two …