This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …

a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size and in their capacities for … innovation. We associate the strength of IPR protection with the duration of a country's patents that are applied with national …

Intellectual property rights are fundamental to how economies organize innovation and steer the diffusion of knowledge …

. Second, only a small share of these gains has been realized so far. And third, the WTO's TRIPS agreement has been …

. -- intellectual property rights ; patents ; TRIPS ; harmonization …

own innovation. The analysis predicts that the willingness to enforce IPR is U-shaped in a country GDP: small … enforcement of IPR yields a higher level of innovation and global welfare only if the developing country does not innovate. A …

This paper analyzes the optimal protection strategy for an innovator of a complex innovation who faces the risk of … imitation by a competitor. We suppose that the innovation can be continuously fragmented into sub-innovations. We characterize … fraction of the innovation once. We also study the optimal dynamic patenting policy in a soft novelty regime, when the …

harmful for innovation and if so, whether compulsory licensing can provide an effective remedy. The consent decree settled an … to license all its existing patents royalty-free. The compulsory licensing increased follow-on innovation building on … Bell patents by 17%. This effect is driven mainly by young and small companies. Yet, innovation increased only outside the …

constraints or the promotion of follow-on innovation. …