We analyze the net issues of the national euro area central banks in relation to the dynamics of the shadow economy … within a panel cointegration framework. Besides the total net issues, we distinguish between large, medium and small euro … euro area countries. The use of large and small denominations is obviously not driven by the shadow economy. For comparison …

We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a …' cash holdings, the volume of transactions and the size of the shadow economy irrespective of country size for all euro area …

to 1998 are used, that is, the period until the introduction of the Euro is considered. A vector error correction model …

euro area, including the most recent developments during the coronavirus crisis. Several financial transmission channels … of euro area central banks are identified. It is found that differing fiscal policy stances which have interacted … the euro area. Since the European financial and debt crisis, public financing mechanisms and the unconventional monetary …

In this paper, sound public finances under the euro means sustainability in the long term instead of short- and medium …-term fiscal discipline. The challenges to sustainability are identified for the four largest euro area member states, and several … resort for a euro area government under liquidity shortage to prevent it from developing into a general financial crisis …

The conflicting standpoints on reforming the euro are creating more controversies than practical results. Mistrust …, reforming the euro successfully calls for a convincing high-level commitment to preserve the euro also in unexpected …

The European Central Bank (ECB) took many measures to combat the eurozone's rolling financial crisis. For providing … desperately scarce dollars to eurozone banks, the ECB relied on the U.S. Federal Reserve. Using a novel econometric framework, we … October 2009 and September 2012, the most intense phase of the eurozone crisis. Dollar liquidity clearly reduced stress in …

This paper studies the reaction of the mean and volatility of the euro-dollar exchange rate to statements of ECB … officials during the first years of EMU. We focus on statements on monetary policy and the (potential) strength of the euro. We …. In some cases there are effects of statements on the level of the euro-dollar rate. Efforts to talk up the euro have not …

eurozone based on a new divergence indicator. We study the dynamics between the economic divergence of member states and …