: the introduction of electronic Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). Using administrative datasets, we find PDMPs …

We show that the War on Drugs launched by the Mexican President Felipe Calderón in 2007 pushed drug cartels into large … candidate’s party barely lost the elections. Challenger cartels in the drug market leapfrog incumbent drug cartels when entering …

in drug-related homicides after NAFTA's introduction in 1994 across municipalities with and without drug …-trafficking routes. Routes are predicted least cost paths connecting municipalities with a recent history of detected drug trafficking …

-adjusted mortality rates of residents of Germany, using longitudinal, annual, state-level data during the period 2000-2007. The estimates …-adjusted cancer mortality rates of residents of France, using longitudinal, annual, cancer-site-level data during the period 2002 … mortality rates, and may have accounted for as much as half of the decline. …

the number of drugs to treat a disease, not the number of drug classes. Pharmaceutical innovation also reduced hospital …

There are two types of prescription drug cost offsets. The first type of cost offset - from prescription drug use - is … primarily about the effect of changes in drug quantity (e.g. due to changes in out-of-pocket drug costs) on other medical costs …. The second type of cost offset - the cost offset from prescription drug innovation - is primarily about the effect of …

the trade-off faced by the government of the drug consumer country between prevention policies (aimed at reducing the …