I critically review recent studies that estimate those costs of violence and conflict that can emerge among organized … studies that estimate direct and indirect costs due to internal conflicts (civil wars and other lower-level conflicts … a cost, and, depending on the methods and evidence used, estimated costs vary widely. However, even minimum estimates …

We develop a theory of interstate conflict in which the degree of genealogical relatedness between populations has a …

costlessly enforced. The costs of insecurity and the resultant conflict are, however, real and often economically significant. In … this paper, we examine how international trade regimes affect the costs of conflict and, in turn, how the desirability of … international trade is affected by these costs. We consider both domestic and international conflict. Trade openness reduces the …

-peaceful world. But how much would individual be willing to pay to avoid just the economic costs of conflict? Remarkably, even these …, and the destruction of material possessions all play a part in the costs of war. The purpose of this paper is to capture … only the material, economic welfare costs of conflict stemming from the altered path of consumption resulting from conflict …

predictions of evolutionary game theory. -- evolutionary dynamics ; Hawk-Dove game ; game theory ; laboratory experiment …