the public, long-term systemic risk among banks tends to increase. From the dynamic perspective, bank penalties represent … long-term. In this respect, bank penalties resemble still waters that run deep. In contrast, a settlement with regulatory …

This paper seeks to understand the interplay between banks, bank regulation, sovereign default risk and central bank … guarantees in a monetary union. I assume that banks can use sovereign bonds for repurchase agreements with a common central bank … cheaply, effectively shifting the risk of some of the potential sovereign default losses on the common central bank. …

Bank distress can have severe negative consequences for the stability of the financial system, the real economy, and … public finances. Regimes for restructuring and restoring banks financed by bank levies and fiscal backstops seek to reduce … these costs. Bank levies attempt to internalize systemic risk and increase the costs of leverage. This paper evaluates the …

restrictions upon foreign bank entry and foreign ownership have been affectively abolished. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA … banks have used size as a barrier to entry to the new entrants in the post-deregulation period. Furthermore, bank efficiency … seems to have increased post-deregulation and the competition resulting from diversity in bank types was important to prompt …

quasi-exogenous increases in bank size in postwar Germany. I show that firms did not grow faster after their relationship …, but worked with riskier borrowers. Bank managers benefited through higher salaries and media attention. The paper presents …

capital standards, and cost of bank equity determine credit reallocation, sectoral expansion and trade patterns. …