all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

This paper examines the relationship between teacher unionization, student achievement and teachers’ pay using a cross … evidence this could be due to the unobservables not controlled for by this procedure. A school fixed effects equation of …

information on the public-private character of both operation and funding of each tested school. Across countries, public …

. When there are no peer group effects, efficiency is achieved when (at least) all but one school are public. In particular … in the two school case, the impact of a public school is spectacular as we go from a setting of extreme differentiation … to an efficient allocation. However, in the three school case, a single public school will lower welfare compared to the …

We show that, when school quality is measured by the educational standard and attaining the standard requires costly … relatively high cost of effort, who would find the high standards of the public school excessively demanding. With the key …

Using a rich dataset that merges student-level school records with birth records, and leveraging a student fixed … effects design, we explore how the massive scale-up of a Florida private school choice program affected public school students … suspension rates) attending public schools closer to more pre-program private school options. Effects are particularly pronounced …

these challenges with new administrative data on teachers assignments and their students outcomes, and quasi …

two-year program in which three fourth and fifth grade teachers observed each other. We find that two cohorts of students … taught by treated teachers perform no better on externally graded national tests compared to business as usual. However this … masks large heterogeneity; in small schools, which would have no choice over which teachers would be involved, we find …

not hurt other disadvantaged schools, but rather induced some teachers not to remain in their current school or to opt …This paper exploits a 2018 reform of teachers' financial incentives to work in some French disadvantaged schools. Based … on this quasi-natural experiment, it evaluates the impact of those incentives on teachers' stated preferences to move to …