, in the medium run, the effects of the reform are insignificant for both male and female children. The sons of treated … mothers are perceived as still having worse health at older ages, even if their objective health status has recovered. These … boys are also more likely to have private health insurance, which suggests more concerned mothers. …

indicate that mothers are in a worse physical condition if their children attend formal care, whereas no such effect is found … with regard to mothers ́mental health. Overall, there is evidence that mothers placing their children in formal day care … concerned with how mothers ́mental and physical health is affected by whether they place their child in formal day care or not …

that required expectant mothers to initiate prenatal care during the first ten weeks of gestation to obtain a one …

that the child penalty is higher for young, low-wage mothers and those taking longer leaves. It is larger in firms with …

In this paper, we provide estimates of the subjectively perceived cost of children depending on the extent of parental … with children in Germany. Our study confirms that the monetary cost of children is substantial and increases with parental … sizeable for families with children. …

's counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human … provided by mothers (or formal institutions) is superior to informal care arrangements. …

causes adult daughters with young children to work half an hour less. Daughters without children, with older children and … penalty. Test score effects are positive for children aged 4-7 (substitution from grandparental to maternal care), and … negative for children aged 11-12 (substitution from grandparental to formal childcare). …

imposes a greater mental health burden on mothers than on fathers. It creates a long-run gender gap in antidepressant … differential help-seeking behavior across the sexes or postpartum depression. Instead, they are related to mothers' higher … investments in childcare: Mothers who take extended maternity leave in quasi-experimental settings are more likely to face mental …