effects were substantial for students at California Community Colleges, the largest higher education system in the country … outcomes of these students through the first four semesters after it started. Consistent with national trends, enrollment … dropped precipitously during the pandemic – the total number of enrolled students fell by 11 percent from fall 2019 to fall …

) to evaluate the effects of vaccinations and variants on the epidemic and macroeconomic outlook. Vaccination plays the …, increasing the volatility of epidemic curves and worsening the macroeconomic outlook. If a more contagious variant emerges after …

, vulnerability, and resilience of the local economy to the shock of the epidemic. Using a battery of proxies for these four concepts …

We derive a model in which firms operate in an epidemic environment and internalize infections among their employees in … the workplace. The model is calibrated to fit the properties of the Covid-19 epidemic. We show that firms have incentives …

discovery, learning effects in the health care sector, and the severity of output losses due to a lockdown. In our baseline …

during an epidemic? We study a setting where ICU resources are constrained while suppression is costly (e.g., limiting … suppression measures are continuously taken to hold down the spread throughout the epidemic, is suboptimal. Instead, the optimal … suppression is discountinuous. The epidemic should be left unregulated in a first phase and when the ICU constraint is approaching …