that this trade-promoting effect of language is likely to reflect cultural ties, rather than lower costs of communication … finding as evidence for the effect of culture on trade. -- language ; culture ; trade costs ; gravity …Language is a strong and robust determinant of international trade patterns: Countries sharing a common language trade …

accounting for 8 per cent of total pharmaceutical sale in Norway. Novelty of the paper is to examine, with the use of a unique … natural policy experiment in Norway, to what extent the price responsiveness of prescription choices is affected when the … find that doctors are more responsive when the costs are covered by the hospitals compared to when costs are covered by …

The paper investigates the relationships between costs and user charges in the sewage industry in Norwegian local …

Exploiting the exogenous variation in childcare costs caused by a Swedish childcare reform, we are able to identify the … causal effect of childcare costs on fertility in a context in which childcare enrollment is almost universal, user fees are … low, and the labor force participation of mothers is very high. Anticipation of a reduction in childcare costs increased …