U.S. banking crisis of the 20th century. Our systemic risk measure captures both the credit risk of an individual bank … as well as a bank's position in the network. We construct linkages between all U.S. commercial banks in 1929 and 1934 so … banking crisis that occurred between 1930-33 raised systemic risk per bank by 33% and increased the riskiness of the very …

international bank sector does not react. Non-OFC islands on the other hand do show strong negative reactions. Similar (non …

The Italian civil war and the Nazi occupation of Italy occurred at a critical juncture, just before the birth of a new … civil war, and the persistence of the battlefront along the "Gothic line" cutting through Northern-Central Italy. We find …

We investigate the determinants of the education gender gap in Italy in historical perspective with a focus on the …

In this paper, we study how the birth of the first universities in Italy affected the emergence of the Italian free …

cycle comovement increases when credit embodies public bonds held by banks, a bank financing to the public sector. However …, in the post ]WWII era, this financial backup to the public side of the economy has occurred at the expense of bank …