We document a strong political cycle in bank credit and industry outcomes in Turkey. In line with theories of tactical … lending and creates credit constraints for firms in opposition areas, which suffer drops in assets, employment and sales but …

This article investigates the patronage phenomenon in the italian, so called, Second Republic. In particular, the …, where the interests of political parties and districts may diverge, the formers would need patronage resource to assure … parliamentarians' loyalty does play a role in patronage appointments as well as the electoral result in the next electoral competition. …

growth of promising young firms. A model of liquidity-constrained entrepreneurs suggests that the easing of credit … would bring about. We explore this growth mechanism using a large-scale program to expand the supply of credit to small and … medium enterprises in Brazil. Local credit supply shocks generate greater firm entry but also greater exit with no effect on …

We study the sensitivity of banks' credit supply to small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in the UK to banks … branches in the UK, we connect firms' access to bank credit to the financial condition (i.e., bank health and the use of core … conditions did not influence credit availability irrespective of the functional distance (i.e., the distance between bank branch …