therefore facilitate global linkages by providing information on potential markets and products, by making production flexible …

We review recent research linking international trade to the environment, with a focus on new results and methods. The …-style approach to trade and the environment, its full potential has not yet been exploited. We discuss existing empirical and …

This paper analyses the effect of international borders and of trade agreements at international borders on subnational … 1950 and 2017. Our results show that international borders decrease regional income per capita, while trade agreements at … international borders increase regional income per capita by about the same magnitude. The positive marginal effect of trade …

presents a model of waste collection, recycling and final goods production using raw and recycled materials. Non-recycled waste … recycling firms to compensate for the savings in disposal costs. We study trade between resource poor economies exporting final … goods, and resource rich countries exporting raw materials. We find rich welfare effects of trade policy with non …

We analyze how trade openness matters for interstate conflict over productive resources. Our analysis features a terms-of-trade … channel that makes security policies trade-regime dependent. Specifically, trade between two adversaries reduces each one …, greater trade openness brings with it a reduction in resources diverted to conflict and thus wasted, as well as the familiar …

This paper identifies a "border" effect in the absence of a border. The finding that trade between East- and West …-Japan is 23.1 to 51.3 percent lower than trade within both country parts, is established despite the absence of an obvious east …-lasting historical shocks, are identified as an explanation for the east-west bias in intra-Japanese trade. …

may lead to a large increase in offshoring activities. -- Offshoring ; international trade ; vertical production chain …Recent contributions on offshoring often assume that firms can freely split their production process into separate … technologically determined sequence of production steps. In our model, cost savings from offshoring fluctuate along the production …