n this paper we determine the main driving forces underlying the structural transformation and urbanization process in … barriers played in China's growth and urbanization. We find that the primary drivers for real per capita GDP growth are … migration cost reduction and skill accumulation. While trade liberalization is important for urbanization during the transition …

explain why urbanization did not drive the economy to sustained growth. Our main contribution, validated by an estimated VAR … productivity. The analysis provides a picture of a trapped economy where urbanization was unable to trigger a persistent process of …

to shocks, the degree of urbanization and specialization. We take the Great Recession, the economic and financial crisis … period, we find that the degree and nature of regional urbanization and specialization are important drivers of the …

This study argues that urbanization changed the relationship between the occupation of candidates running in … parliamentary elections and their electoral success. To identify local-level variation in urbanization, we leverage exogenous … suggest that urbanization was detrimental to the electoral success of lawyers but beneficial to that of employees and workers …

Individuals urbanize when the net benefits to urbanization exceed rural living conditions. Body mass, height, and … urban females, and urban females may not have been affected as much as males by urbanization. …

Communities urbanize when the net benefits to urbanization exceed rural areas. Body mass, height, and weight are …