corruption where the judicial system is independent, this relationship has more ambiguous effects where the legal system is weak … and susceptible to politicization. These effects remain after controlling for standard determinants of corruption. …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …

This paper introduces harassment in a model of bribery and corruption. We characterize the harassment equilibrium and …

In transition and developing countries, we observe rather high levels of corruption even if they have democratic … high corruption levels. Our model is based on the fact that corrupt offcials have to pay an entry fee to get lucrative … positions. In a probabilistic voting model, we show that a lack of financial institutions can lead to more corruption as more …

Adding to the literature on factors driving corruption and bribery, this paper examines the effect of contestability in …

corruption-free or plagued by corruption. Contingent on the nature of adjudicatory bias, bribery either discourages private … antitrust lawsuits or incentivizes firms to engage in frivolous litigation. Corruption expectedly reduces the effectiveness of … can be social welfare-enhancing even in the presence of corruption. Under some circumstances, corruption actually …