for Iran, using a weighted average of other comparable countries that mirror pre-sanction Iran, but did not experience …This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … development of the middle class. Specifically, it investigates how the middle class in Iran would have developed in the absence of …

sanctions, Iran’s average annual growth could have been around 4 - 5 per cent, as compared to the 3 per cent realized. Sanctions …

sanction to the factual Iran with sanction for the period of 2003-2015. Over the entire 2013–2015 period, per capita military … 2015 on military spending of Iran. We create a synthetic control group that mimics the socioeconomic characteristics of … Iran before the international sanctions of 2012. We then compare the military spending of the counterfactual Iran without …

literature. Starting with a broad evaluation by sanction type, we carefully investigate the case of Iran. Effects are significant … perform a counterfactual analysis which translates our partial equilibrium sanction estimates into heterogeneous but intuitive …