Civil war is often caused by poverty, and further demolishes existing capital. Such a vicious circle is detrimental for … economic development of countries experiencing civil war. Civil war may also contribute to creative destructions of traditional … economic, social and political system, leading to a more rapid post-war growth. Until now little research exists tackling …

nothing if it loses. We study a model of war with such an asymmetric payoff structure, and private information about military … win the war unless its expected military technology is considerably worse. Our model may thus explain why defending …

international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … Immanuel Kant (1795, 1991) always exists. The reason is that in the absence of the threat of war, leaders are unable to divert … exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in …

This study examines the causal joint effect of a new political regime and war against Iraq on life expectancy of … Iranians for the period 1978–1988 during the revolution and war. I use a synthetic control approach to construct a synthetic … evolution of the factual Iranian life expectancy during the post-revolution period through the end of the war. I find a sizable …

organized political violence. We use plausible exogenous variation in the number of armed groups in Pakistan, by exploiting the … violence. By combining different data sources and implementing a new approach to deal with potential double-counting, we … provide a proxy for counter-insurgency efforts by the government. We show that the increase in violence is primarily driven by …

This paper proposes a simple framework to better understand an opposition group's choice between peace, terrorism, and … open civil conflict against the government. Our model implies that terrorism emerges if constraints on the ruling executive … when considering the incidence and onset of terrorism and conflict. The corresponding magnitudes are economically sizeable …

quo without arming (or unarmed peace) and open conflict (or war) that is possibly destructive. With a focus on outcomes … that are immune to both unilateral deviations and coalitional deviations, we find that, depending on war’s destructive …, but only when the configuration of parameters describing the degree of output security and the degree of war's destruction …

We investigate the empirical impact of violence as compared to other trade impediments on trade flows. Our analysis is … of terrorism, as well as internal and external conflict is equivalent to as much as a 30 percent tariff on trade. This is …