We conducted a controlled experiment to study how different gender frames used in the instructions affect economic … gender-inclusive form. Participants played three standard economic two-player games measuring prosocial behavior. In … differently if their self-reported gender matched the grammatical gender used in the instructions. The results reveal that the …

Social norms, though often implicit, are to a great extent communicated and made salient using natural language. They … refer to each of these personal entity nouns using the pronouns "he," "she," or the gender-inclusive singular "they." In … languages with grammatical gender, the nouns and the grammatical structure they are embedded in mark them as either male, female …

influence of reading performance on math performance, highlighting the importance of early language support for immigrants for …

-country language skills and educational attainment? We exploit the exogenous placement of guest workers from five ethnicities across … exposure to a higher own-ethnic concentration impairs immigrant children's host-country language proficiency and increases … school dropout. A key mediating factor for this effect is parents' lower speaking proficiency in the host-country language …

approach using, as an instrument, the measurement of how far, on average, official language differs from ordinary language. The …

using numbers or natural language. We run two experiments to study whether experts strategically use language to communicate … 25-29 percentage points more likely to communicate using language rather than numbers. Experts with incentives to … persuade are more likely to slant language messages than numeric messages in the direction of their incentives, and this effect …

Language is a strong and robust determinant of international trade patterns: Countries sharing a common language trade … that this trade-promoting effect of language is likely to reflect cultural ties, rather than lower costs of communication … or similar institutions. Analyzing unique data for a single-language country, Germany, we find that similarities in the …

temporal side of the different processes interacting to produce a change in the structure of the language. That is, the rate of … import and dissipation of new elements is seen in relation to the rate at which a language absorbs such new elements into its … how the structural type of a language might influence its rate of adaptation of the external innovations and how the …