bigger capital buffer. We conjecture that bank lending to emerging markets during the zero-lower bound period would have been … constrained through the U.S. bank stress tests, reflected in a lower minimum capital ratio in the severely adverse scenario. This … easing when liquidity is abundant, banks are more flexible, and the scope for adjusting lending is larger when they have a …

bank. For the banks affected most by the levy, we find evidence of fewer loans, higher lending rates, and lower deposit …Bank distress can have severe negative consequences for the stability of the financial system, the real economy, and … public finances. Regimes for restructuring and restoring banks financed by bank levies and fiscal backstops seek to reduce …

Switzerland. For identification, we compare changes in the behavior of banks that had different fractions of their central bank … margins, but credit and interest rate risk increase. Portfolio rebalancing implies relatively more lending, also compared to …