explain them. We then describe a theoretical framework of endogenous markups, innovation, and competition that can potentially …

SMPEs with positive taxable income increased investment, interest expense and productivity. SMPEs in taxable losses did not …

determined endogenously. We find that there is a short run transitory productivity dynamic introduced when there is imperfect …

productivity ; cost-sharing ; entry deregulation ; health insurance ; pharmaceutical innovation … pharmaceutical R&D expenditure, drug prices, aggregate productivity, and income. The analysis suggests that both an increase in the …-sharing and entry barriers in the pharmaceutical sector also affect aggregate productivity and wage rates. -- aggregate …

How can a country improve the productivity growth in its business sector and reach its growth potential? Sweden during … sector. In the 1990s, Sweden implemented a reform package that ignited a successful reorganization of a business sector that … of Sweden's reforms. We also discuss how the reform experience from a developed country such as Sweden can be useful for …

Innovation is part idea generation and part development. We build a model of "innovating-by-doing," whereby ideas come … to practitioners. Successful innovation requires that practitioners' ideas be developed through costly effort. Our model ….S. Medicare program on medical equipment innovation. Our model’s structure allows us to infer the Medicare program's aggregate …