decisions affects the composition of teacher turnovers. Our setting is the Houston Independent School District, which recently …

If school closures and social-distancing experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic impeded children's skill development …, they may leave a lasting legacy in human capital. To understand the pandemic's effects on school children, this paper … on the conceptual framework of an education production function, we cover evidence on child, parent, and school inputs …

for grade 9 students. These students were particularly vulnerable to dropping out of school prematurely due to the crisis …. We find that most students kept studying during the crisis, returned to school to participate in the lower …-secondary graduation exam after schools reopened, and transitioned to high school thereafter. However, we also find that students' exposure …

the long-term effect of the Covid-19-related school closures on aggregate productivity through the human capital channel … school closure, respectively. These results appear to be broadly consistent with earlier findings in the literature. Two …

We use a panel survey of ∼19,000 primary-school-aged children in rural Tamil Nadu to study "learning loss" after COVID …-19-induced school closures, and the pace of recovery after schools reopened. Students tested in December 2021 (18 months … after school closures) displayed learning deficits of ∼0.7σ in math and 0.34σ in language compared to identically …

language classes in compulsory school on students' subsequent educational choices in upper secondary school. Using … more foreign language classes during compulsory school has only minor effects on educational choices of the overall student … pronounced for students who do not speak at home the school's language of instruction. Finally, we find that female students who …

middle school faced the longest closures. A structural model of human capital accumulation predicts that the US school …

In spring 2020, governments around the globe shut down schools to mitigate the spread of the novel coronavirus. We … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in …