. We exploit firm-level panel data on product and process innovation activities in the United Kingdom and find that the … countries increased process innovation and reduced product innovation. This implies that the innovation response to labor supply …-skill intensity of firm production as well as firm size. In addition, the reduction in product innovation is lessened for firms whose …

portfolios to investors. We extend the signaling model for single sales of risky assets to portfolio sales. We identify … conditions under which signaling at the portfolio level dominates signaling at the single asset level. In particular, when banks …