discuss what standards are, how the process of standardization works, and how standards are related to induced innovation and … instruments. Finally we discuss how governments might contribute to eco-innovation by selecting, stimulating or creating (inter …

This article tests the effects of fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards on the direction of innovation, in … for the years 2000-2016. Our results indicate that standards are a very robust driver inducing clean innovation, whereas … negatively impact dirty innovation. …

Environmental regulations have consistently been found to spur innovation in "clean" technologies, with one significant … effect on innovation. Several explanations have been offered, including secondary market failures and a lack of polluter …, contrary to past experience, encouraged innovation rather than adoption. I discuss how these contrasting findings can be …

phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone … readily available. I reconcile theory and empirics by discussing the role of induced innovation in models of environmental …

policy is likely to increase global emissions. -- technical change ; climate change ; development ; innovation ; spillovers …

. The second issue is whether environmental policy increases or decreases total investment and innovation. Even when … rate of innovation, which crowds out production and consumption, and thus makes environmental policy more costly. Finally … ; innovation policy ; induced technical change ; pollution-saving technical change ; pollution-using technical change ; crowding …