corruption and the concealment of officials' bribes, tax havens discourage the provision of public goods and hence have also a … ; multinational firms ; corruption …

In transition and developing countries, we observe rather high levels of corruption even if they have democratic … high corruption levels. Our model is based on the fact that corrupt offcials have to pay an entry fee to get lucrative … positions. In a probabilistic voting model, we show that a lack of financial institutions can lead to more corruption as more …

industrial firms in China, we show that firms in locations historically affected by the CMC rules exhibit higher innovation … reduce local corruption and stimulate firms' investment in R&D and training to this day. We identify a causal effect by …

enforcement and political control are the most important determinants of China's corruption. Additionally, we find that corruption …This paper uses a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model and estimates the extent of corruption in 30 … Chinese provinces from 1995 to 2015. Treating corruption as an unobserved latent variable, the MIMIC results show that both …