economy reduces corruption in high-income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various …Estimations of the size and development of the shadow economy for 145 countries, including developing, transition and … highly developed OECD economies over the period 1999 to 2003 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a …

Using various statistical procedures, estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and … OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of official GDP) over 1999-2000 in … the growth and size of the shadow economy. If the shadow economy increases by one percent the annual growth rate of the …