provides an empirical analysis on how individuals' relative income position affects their performance. Using a unique data set … income differences within a team, the worse the performance of the soccer players is. The more the players are integrated in …

provides an empirical analysis on how individuals' relative income position affects their performance. Using a unique data set … within a team, the worse the performance of the soccer players is. The more the players are integrated in a particular social … environment (their team), the more evident this negative effect is. Moreover, we find that positional effects lowering performance …

behavior and on individual performance. While positional concerns are apparent in daily life, empirical evidence is rare in the … economic literature. This paper investigates the impact of the relative income position on individuals' performance or … productivity. As "performance" is difficult to measure we turn to soccer players whose performance has been well documented. The …

performance worsens. Moreover, the larger the income differences, the stronger positional concern effects are observable. We also …

performance in a real competitive environment with real tasks and real incentives. …

raise or lower their performance? Behavioral evidence on these important questions is rare. This paper takes a novel … positional concerns and envy reduce individual performance. In contrast, there does not seem to be any tolerance for income …

performance in a real competitive environment with real tasks and real incentives. …